Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, Maret 2021, 1 (3), 221-228

p-ISSN: 2774-6291 e-ISSN: 2774-6534

Available online at http://cerdika.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/cerdika/index

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BEHAVIOR OF FOLLOWING HEALTH PROTOCOLS (KEEPING

DISTANCE, WASHING HANDS AND WEARING MASKS) AS A FORM

OF STATE DEFENSE IN THE ERA OF COVID-19

Hanna Wijaya

, Yohanes Firmansyah

dan Slamet Tri Wahyudi

Faculty of Law, Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta University, Jakarta, Indonesia

hannawijaya@yahoo.com, yohanesfirmansy[email protected] dan

slamettriwahy[email protected]c.id

Received : 26-02-2021

Revised : 22-03-2021

Accepted : 25-03-2021

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 has become one of the problems

that attacks all elements of national and state life. The effects

of the COVID-19 Pandemic are not only related to health,

but also attack the social aspects and resilience of a country.

It is not surprising that the COVID-19. Pandemic can be

classified as a non-military threat to a nation. Purpose: This

paper discusses the role of society through attitudes towards

State defense such as Following Health Protocols (Keeping

Distance, Washing Hands and Wearing Masks) as a Form of

State Defense in the Era of COVID-19. Method: This

research is a literature review study that discusses social

issues using 3 types of approaches, namely the statute

approach, conceptual approach and case approach. Results:

The results of this study reveal that we need to adjust to new

behaviors in order to be healthier, safer and more compliant.

We need to use all tools available to motivate citizens. The

role of the community in breaking the chain of transmission

of the disease COVID-19 (risk of contracting and

transmission) must be carried out by implementing a number

of health protocols. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study

is that COVID-19 has become a very big problem for all

countries, forcing the security of the state. The main thing

the community can do to combat a disease is with the

Following Health Protocols such as Keeping Distance,

Washing Hands and Wearing Masks.

Keywords: state defese; health protocols COVID-19;

keeping distance; washing hands; wearing masks.

CC BY

INTRODUCTION

Defending the state is a positive action to raise awareness of state defense in every

citizen who has the rights and obligations to defend his country. A sense of full

responsibility and willingness to sacrifice for the nation and its state, as well as patriotism

and nationalism, are fostered by state awareness programs. In implementing state

responsibilities, all citizens can contribute in many ways. In the midst of a COVID-19

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pandemic, we must physically defend the state in order to maintain a separation between

individuals and society in order to break the chain of COVID-19. A country will be

regarded as large if it has the capacity to overcome adversity. According to Mahipal

(2011), the state can create citizen awareness by highlighting the importance of rights and

responsibilities. Awareness of national defense must be developed through motivation to

love one's country and to participate in defending the state (Widodo, 2011).

Today, widespread across the world, including in our country, Indonesia is under

threat, from the deadly virus Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-2019. Violidicidin was

first identified in Wuhan City in the final quarter of 2019. Later on, various countries

adopted this mask. WHO has stated that COVID-19 can be transmitted from an infected

person. This disease is easily transferred from the tongue and mucus membranes through

saliva and sneezing. If a person touches, then they will become infected. The person will

then touch their nose, eyes, mouth and will become infected. This disease is caused by the

SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This new coronavirus has been found in humans for

the first time. Wuhan is located in southwestern Hubei province of China and is the capital

of Hubei Province. At the beginning of December 2019 in the month of diagnosis,

suffering from flu was not unusual. On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization

received confirmation from the Chinese government that the epidemic had reached its peak

and was beginning to decline. The virus spread around, beginning in Wuhan, then being

spread to many other cities and countries. At first, the COPY-19 disease was a global

epidemic. Later, it became a pandemic. In every country, there was an increase in

diagnoses.

The controversy sparked several countries to consider measures to prevent the

spread of the disease. Efforts made by the local government and the efforts of the central

government of each country. But, despite the increase in cases, incidence is still occurring

in various places. Based on the goal of ensuring health for all, WHO has identified certain

health protocols that the general public should follow. In Indonesia, the CDC first

discovered COVID-19 in March of 2020. With the addition of faster-than-average cases,

the score will rise. However, it is very difficult to determine the proper patient. Because

every patient tested positive has had contact with a family member and coworkers, both at

home and work. Everyone who has been in contact with the contaminated patient will be

contacted by his or her coworkers and family members. To introduce the Indonesian

government to the recommendation of the WHO which recommends using masks, hand

washing with soap, carrying hand sanitizers, maintaining distance from others or what is

often referred to as social distancing and independent isolation. Due to the newness of

COVID-19, it has caused many new changes because there is still a lot of research being

done to find out more about this disease. Consequently, today people are waking up to the

importance of implementing the WHO standard in healthcare. Despite the fact that there

are many people who have not been able to comply with existing regulations, the central

and local governments have made various efforts to resist the spread of disease (Wu et al.,

2020).

The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of society through attitudes towards

State defense such as Following Health Protocols (Keeping Distance, Washing Hands and

Wearing Masks) as a Form of State Defense in the Era of COVID-19.

METHOD

This research is based on literature review. The literature search took place from

January 1, 2021 to January 31, 2021. The search for data was carried out on various search

engines such as Google Scholar.

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The research method was in the form of a normative legal and sociology review

that studied the application of values in positive law by analyzing regulations related to the

"Behavior of Following Health Protocols (Keeping Distance, Washing Hands and Wearing

Masks) as a Form of State Defense in the Era of COVID-19" using various approaches:

statute approach, conceptual approach and case approach.

This study examines strategic issues from a juriditive normative point of view.

Some of the data sources used in this study are credible secondary data sources. The

secondary data sources in this study are divided into two, namely library sources and

secondary sources of law. Library sources in this research include books, journals, and

other written documents. Secondary legal materials used in this research consist of

applicable laws, court decisions, legal theory, doctrine, and expert opinions presented in

the form of written documents.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. COVID 19

Coronavirus 2019 (CV-2019) is a new type of coronavirus that causes an

infectious disease. Wuhan is located in southwestern Hubei province of China and is

the capital of Hubei Province. In December of last year, a person was diagnosed with

pneumonia. The cause of the disease is not yet fully understood. On December 31,

2019, the Chinese government officially reported the outbreak of 41 cases of

pneumonia and no cause has yet been determined (WHO). It quickly became clear

that the cause was not clear, and the disease spread prevalently to other areas and

other countries. Thailand was the first country to contract the new type of coronavirus

which was an old coronavirus (2019-nCoV). On January 30, 2020 the World Health

Organization (WHO) declared a world health emergency due to an outbreak of

Corona Virus. The number of patients with this new coronavirus is increasing very

fast. The name was later changed to COVID-19 and was announced by WHO on

February 11, 2020. On March 2, 2020, Indonesia's government publicly confirmed

two Indonesian’s who tested positive for COVID-19, which is said to be the first

confirmed case of the virus in the country. As a result of the epidemic development in

all parts of the world, the COVID-19 pandemic was declared by the WHO on March

11, 2020 (Sohrabi et al., 2020).

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new, previously unknown, type of

disease that is currently affecting humans. The virus that causes the aforementioned

acronym is called SARS-CoV-2. Corona viruses are considered zoonotic (transmitted

between animals and humans). Due to the ongoing sources of transmission of

COVID-19, the animal remains unknown. Based on scientific research, COVID-19

can be transmitted through droplets in coughs and sneezes. The people most likely to

get this disease are those who care for patients such as those with COVID-19

(Gondouin, 2020; Kannan et al., 2020; Rothan & Byrareddy, 2020; Tim COVID-19

IDAI, 2020).

While the spread of COVID-19 is an ongoing concern, it should be mitigated

by implementing comprehensive health protocols. Exposure to pesticides without

protective gear has also become a serious problem in Indonesia. In addition to the fact

that there are fewer personal protective equipment, there are few masks and no

containment facilities in hospitals in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially in

Indonesia, people panicked because of this news related to COVID-19, which made

people buy masks and hand sanitizers in large quantities which is also referred to as

"panic buying" which causes the supply of these products to be so scarce that they

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don't even exist in market. Even though these items are on the market, they are more

expensive than the other competitive goods (Suni, 2020).

Symptoms felt by one person will vary in another's presence. For mild to severe

symptoms, there are people who don't experience any and for people who do not

experience any symptoms, the person will still feel healthy. Most people experience

symptoms such as high fever, dry cough and fatigue. Sometimes the patient feels

pain, nasal congestion, headache, runny nose, inflammation of the conjunctiva and

sore throat, along with feeling nauseous and a red rash on the skin. Current cases that

have occurred and the symptoms and severity of the cases. Certain medical

conditions often worsen at the same time as the patient. (Amalia et al., 2020).

To diagnose COVID-19, WHO recommends conducting a PCR examination or

what we usually call a swab examination. But because the PCR examination takes a

long time, initially a quick examination is carried out or what is called a rapid test.

However, there are still many places that cannot reach the community for inspection,

this is because the tools and materials for inspection are still very limited, although

over time more and more tools and materials have been found but the examination is

still small (Burhan et al., 2015).

Current research in the treatment of COVID-19 is still on going to determine

the right therapy for patients. There is currently no vaccine or specific drug that

provides a protective benefit to prevent and treat this COVID-19 disease. Treatment

that can be done at this time covers those aspects which correspond to the various

symptoms appearing (Tim COVID-19 Indonesia, 2020).

B. THREATS IN THE SOCIAL-CULTURAL FIELD

With globalization penetrating diverse aspects of people's lives it is also

increasingly threatening national defense in safeguarding state sovereignty, territorial

integrity and national safety. To deal with multi-dimensional threats as stated above,

handling not only rests on defense capabilities with a military dimension, but also

involves defense capabilities with a non-military dimension as the embodiment of the

State's universal defense system (Surahman, 2013; Yoga Agustin, 2011).

Based on the nature of the threat, this is categorized as an internal threat or an

external threat. Non-military threats are essentially those brought about by threats

against the sovereignty of the state, the territorial integrity of the country and the

safety of the entire nation. No matter the dimension (ideology, politics, economy,

culture, technology, information), both military and non-military threats can be

identified. (Kemenhan, 2016; Mahendra Wiswayana et al., 2020; Timbul, 2016;

Yulianti, 2018).

A threat with a socio-cultural dimension can be identified based on the internal

and external nature of the threat. Threats from within are often the result of social

justice concerns, poverty and backwardness. In this issue, problems such as

"secession", "terrorism", "rampant violence" and "disasters caused by human

actions" arise. These have become "germs" which threaten national unity,

nationalism, patriotism and the integrity of the nation. An inherent and entrenched

character of violence develops, such as a fire in the husks of the community which

triggers inter-community conflicts or vertical conflicts between the central and

regional governments. Horizontal conflicts with dimensions of ethnicity, religion,

race and intergroup occur because of inherent nature of violence. Violence is an

essential part of crime, which sometimes leads to environmental destruction, and

sometimes to man-made disasters. These factors have become widespread, but will

have an adverse effect on the Indonesian nation as a whole (Kemenhan, 2016;

Mahendra Wiswayana et al., 2020; Timbul, 2016; Yulianti, 2018).

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C. DEFINITION OF STATE DEFENSE (ATTITUDE)

Awareness of your rights and obligations as a citizen of Indonesia is essential,

and must be owned by every Indonesian citizen as a defense of their rights and

obligations. The awareness of defending the country is the country's strongest asset

and the basic foundation for the security and survival of the Indonesian nation and

state. What a state defense law is according to Article 9 of Law number 3 of 2002 -

Paragraph (2) letter b which reads "what is meant by service in accordance with the

profession is service to the state which has a certain profession for the interest of

national defense, including in overcoming it and/ or minimizing the consequences

caused by war, natural disasters, or others ” (Indonesia, 2002).

In the form of defending our country as Indonesian citizens, what we can do in

the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic or the corona virus which has disrupted and

threatens the lives of the Indonesian people is by complying with policies issued by

the central and regional governments, namely to keep people at a distance, to increase

interpersonal distance, meticulously wash your hands, eat healthy foods and refrain

from going out. Whereas Article 9 of Law number 3 of 2002 states that every citizen

has the right and obligation to actively participate in efforts to defend the state. The

manifestation of the will to defend the State is the readiness and willingness of every

citizen to sacrifice themselves for the sake of upholding the integrity of the

Indonesian nation, the unity of the archipelago, and the survival and national

jurisdiction of the 1945 Constitution (Indonesia, 2002).

D. RUNNING HEALTH PROTOCOLS AS A STATE FORM IN THE ERA OF

COVID-19

The community has an important role in breaking the chain of transmission of

COVID-19 so as not to cause new sources of transmission/ clusters in places where

the movement of people, interaction between humans and large gatherings of people

occurs. The community must adapt to different habits in order to be healthier, cleaner

and more obedient, which are carried out by all components of the community and by

empowering all resources available. The role of the community in breaking the chain

of transmission of the disease COVID-19 (risk of contracting and transmitting) must

be carried out by implementing a number of health protocols such as: (Aftab, 2020;

Gondouin, 2020; Kemenkes RI, 2020; Tim COVID-19 IDAI, 2020).

1. Use personal protective equipment in the form of a mask that covers the nose and

mouth to the chin, if you have to leave the house or interact with other people

whose health status is unknown (who might transmit COVID-19). If using a cloth

mask, you should use a 3-layer cloth mask.

2. Clean your hands regularly by washing your hands with soap under running

water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Always avoid touching your eyes,

nose and mouth with unclean hands (which may be contaminated with droplets

containing the virus).

3. Maintain a minimum distance of 1 meter from other people to avoid getting

droplets from people who are talking, coughing or sneezing and avoiding crowds,

crowds and overcrowding. If it is not possible to maintain a distance, various

administrative and technical engineering can be carried out. Administrative

engineering can be in the form of limiting the number of people, setting

schedules, and so on. While technical engineering, among others, can be in the

form of partitioning, setting entry and exit routes and so on.

The importance of implementing health protocols is the strongest because it

will further help the government reduce the current rate of the COVID-19 virus. The

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need for public awareness from not causing a crowd to gather in a place. In everyday

life, it has become a very effective way, in the workplace and in the household

environment. (Aftab, 2020; Kemenkes RI, 2020; Sohrabi et al., 2020; Wang et al.,

2020).

E. STATE DEFENSE IN HANDLING COVID-19

A country will be regarded as large if it has the capacity to overcome adversity.

Efforts are made to defend the state, expecting every citizen to understand their rights

and expectations. Through providing a motivating process, people need to be

encouraged to love the country and participate in defending the state. The worldwide

Corona Virus is frightening many people. First, among the factors supporting the

existence of social distancing is that it is a form of state defense against the

Indonesian State. By limiting all activities outside the home can save the state of

Indonesia, by obeying the community to continue at home as long as there is this

Corona Virus, the community breaks the chain of this Corona Virus so as not to

contract or transmit it to other humans. Second, express appropriate emotions. Our

modern social media are indeed free spaces for everyone to express personal feelings.

However, my disorder is not the only cause of my difficulties.

Moreover, some people also have very sensitive skin. When a person has a

sneezing and coughing condition. It is normal to not shake hands and say “cipika

cipiki” these days. Third, build solidarity with other members of the audience. When

there is a part of society affected by the virus, what is needed is a level of empathy

with those who are suffering and threatened. No one wants to be single. When

someone has a cough, fever and indications of flu, then with full self-awareness to

comply with health protocols, for example wearing a mask, stay away from the crowd

and others. It was important to have the courage to continue to pray for peace as the

COVID-19 pandemic case continues. These four actions are part of laying the

groundwork for how we will respond to the future threat posed by the COVID-19

crisis. Defending the state is not always through heroic action such as during the fight

for independence, but people of good will work together to achieve common goals. If

you are unable to control or reasonably limit yourself, you should not be allowed to

harm others (Hs, 2020; Mareta, 2020; Nurhalimah, 2020b, 2020a; Oktami Putri,

2020; Shabrina, 2020).

CONCLUSION

COVID-19 has become a very big problem for all countries to the point of

threatening the security of the State. One form of State defense and an attitude of

nationalism that the community can take to overcome COVID-19 and help the State is by

doing simple things, such as following health protocols (keeping distance, washing hands

and wearing masks) as a form of state defense in the era of COVID-19.

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